[198] Most of these ridges are low, but some of the higher ones are commonly called mountains. [353][354] Nashville became known as "Music City", and the Grand Ole Opry remains the nation's longest-running radio show. For passenger rail service, Memphis and Newbern are served by the Amtrak City of New Orleans line on its run between Chicago and New Orleans. [424] Not until after passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were African Americans able to regain their full voting rights. [390] Five inland ports are located in the state, including the Port of Memphis, which is the fifth-largest in the United States and the second largest on the Mississippi River. [349] Stax Records in Memphis became one of the most important labels for soul artists in the late 1950s and 1960s, and a subgenre known as Memphis soul emerged. [106] The next summer, Rosecrans's Tullahoma campaign forced Bragg's remaining troops in Middle Tennessee to retreat to Chattanooga with little fighting. [114] On February 22, 1865, the legislature approved an amendment to the state constitution prohibiting slavery, which was approved by voters the following month, making Tennessee the only Southern state to abolish slavery. [164], The 1982 World's Fair was held in Knoxville. The same year, 22.4% of the power was produced from coal, 17.8% from natural gas, 15.8% from hydroelectricity, and 1.3% from other renewables. [243] Winter storms such as in 1993 and 2021 occur occasionally, and ice storms are fairly common. [223] Tennessee is the most biodiverse inland state,[224] the Great Smoky Mountains National Park is the most biodiverse national park,[225][226] and the Duck River is the most biologically diverse waterway in North America. Tennessee Gov. [418] In a 2020 study, Tennessee ranked 21st on the "Cost of Voting Index", a measure of "the ease of voting across the United States". WebFind information motor vehicle registration in Tennessee. Because Memphis International Airport is the hub of FedEx Corporation, it is the world's busiest cargo airport. [331] The park anchors a large tourism industry based primarily in nearby Gatlinburg and Pigeon Forge, which includes Dollywood, the most visited ticketed attraction in Tennessee. The state is one of eight states which require voters to present a form of photo identification. WebPaleo-Indians are believed to have hunted and camped in what is now Tennessee as early as 12,000 years ago. The TBI is the primary state-level criminal investigative department. Nashville is the state's capital and largest city, and anchors its largest metropolitan area. [99] In response, East Tennessee Unionists organized a convention in Knoxville with the goal of splitting the region to form a new state loyal to the Union. Tennessee has a total of 976 miles (1,571km) of navigable waterways, the 11th highest in the nation. [352] The 1927 Victor recording sessions in Bristol generally mark the beginning of the country music genre and the rise of the Grand Ole Opry in the 1930s helped make Nashville the center of the country music recording industry. [323] Coal production in Tennessee peaked in 1972, and today less than 0.1% of coal in the U.S. comes from Tennessee. [330], Tennessee is the 11th-most visited state in the nation,[332] receiving a record of 126 million tourists in 2019. Get It Now Start Planning Tap Add to Trip on anything you like. [102] On July 24, 1866, Tennessee became the first Confederate state to have its elected members readmitted to Congress. Tre Hargett was elected by the Tennessee General Assembly to serve as Tennessees 37th secretary of state in 2009 and re-elected in 2013, 2017, and 2021. [448], The state is also home to eight minor league teams. [309] Tennessee also ranks as one of the largest producers of chemicals. Useful content regarding Tennessee State Government and Governor Bill Haslam, as well as local government resources and state employee-related information. [400] The Supreme Court of Tennessee appoints the state's Attorney General, a practice only found in Tennessee. Small sections of the Huntsville, Alabama and Paducah, Kentucky-Cape Girardeau, Missouri-Harrisburg, Illinois markets also extend into the state. [409] Tennessee has more than 340 municipalities. The most pleasant months of the year for Tennessee are May, September and October. [208] This results in karst that forms numerous caves, sinkholes, depressions, and underground streams. A small plane crashed Tuesday while approaching a Texas airport, killing four members of a Tennessee church and leaving the lead pastor injured, authorities and the church said. The Tennessee Walking Horse, first bred in the region in the late 18th century, is one of the world's most recognized horse breeds. [309], Tennessee's commercial sector is dominated by a wide variety of companies, but its largest service industries include health care, transportation, music and entertainment, banking, and finance. [96], After Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, secessionists in the state government led by Governor Isham Harris sought voter approval to sever ties with the United States, which was rejected in a referendum by a 5446% margin in February 1861. [359], The state enrolls approximately 1 million K12 students in 137 districts. [32] Overhill settlements grew along the rivers in East Tennessee in the early 18th century. [459] Tennessee State plays football in Division I's second level, the Football Championship Subdivision, while Belmont and Lipscomb do not have football teams. [217] The Mississippi River drains nearly all of West Tennessee. [255], According to the 2010 census, 6.4% of Tennessee's population were under age5, 23.6% were under 18, and 13.4% were 65 or older. Local law enforcement is divided between county sheriff's offices and municipal police departments. [157] King had traveled there to support striking African American sanitation workers. [10], Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachian Mountains. km, the State of Tennessee is located in the South-Eastern region of the United States. A few days after the fall of Chattanooga, Confederates led by James Longstreet unsuccessfully campaigned to take control of Knoxville by attacking Union General Ambrose Burnside's Fort Sanders. Covering an area of 109,247 sq. [249] Its 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since the early 1990s and is one of the nation's fastest-growing metropolitan areas, with about 2 million residents. [429] For most of the second half of the 20th century, Tennessee was a swing state in presidential elections. [155] Between February and May 1960, a series of sit-ins at segregated lunch counters in Nashville organized by the Nashville Student Movement resulted in the desegregation of facilities in the city. [239], While Tennessee is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, its location makes it susceptible to the remnants of tropical cyclones, which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall. Along with projectile points common for this period, archaeologists in Williamson County have uncovered a 12,000-year-old mastodon skeleton with cut marks typical of prehistoric hunters.. [441] Since 2016, Tennessee has been the most populous state to vote Republican by more than 60% in presidential elections,[442] and in 2020 voted Republican by the largest margin of any state in terms of number of votes. [312] The research and development industry in Tennessee is also one of the largest employment sectors, mainly due to the prominence of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the Y-12 National Security Complex in the city of Oak Ridge. The state had two previous constitutions. [241] Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable. [95][14] Due to its central location, Tennessee was a crucial state during the war and saw more military engagements than any state except Virginia. [63], Three counties of the Washington District broke off from North Carolina in 1784 and formed the State of Franklin. WebTre Hargett was elected by the Tennessee General Assembly to serve as Tennessees 37th secretary of state in 2009 and re-elected in 2013, 2017, and 2021. [343] Many reservoirs created by TVA dams have also generated water-based tourist attractions. It earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" early in its history due to a strong tradition of military service. Lee's 2nd term inauguration scheduled for Jan. 21. [222] It has eight ecoregions: the Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley, Central Appalachian, Southwestern Appalachian, Interior Low Plateaus, Southeastern Plains, Mississippi Valley Loess Plains, and Mississippi Alluvial Plain regions. The Blue Ridge Mountains along the eastern border reach some of the highest elevations in eastern North America, and the Cumberland Plateau contains many scenic valleys and waterfalls. And climate change has made that a very big deal", "Tennessee - State Energy Profile Analysis", "Minerals and Mining of the Copper Basin", "Mining the Copper Basin in Southeast Tennessee", The Brown Iron Ores of West-Middle Tennessee, "A Detailed Look At How Americans Travel Within The US", "Report: State, East TN counties travel, tourism industries saw record-breaking growth in 2019", 2019 Economic Impact of Travel on Tennessee, "Tourism in Tennessee Shattered Records with $23 Billion in Travel Spending and 126 Million Domestic Person Stays in 2019", "Five TN roads designated as National Scenic Byway or All-American Road", "Study: TVA lakes have nearly $12 billion economic impact to region", "4 Ways to Experience History at the Tennessee State Museum", "Memphis Unmatched for American Music History", "How Did Nashville Become the Hub of Country Music? [183] An 1818 survey erroneously placed Tennessee's southern border 1 mile (1.6km) south of the 35th parallel; Georgia legislators continue to dispute this placement, as it prevents Georgia from accessing the Tennessee River. [395], The bicameral legislative branch, the Tennessee General Assembly, consists of the 33-member Senate and the 99-member House of Representatives. [363] The Tennessee Board of Regents (TBR), also known as The College System of Tennessee, operates 13 community colleges and 27 campuses of the Tennessee Colleges of Applied Technology (TCAT). [42], In the 1750s and 1760s, longhunters from Virginia explored much of East and Middle Tennessee. [29] They forced the Creek, Yuchi, and Shawnee out of the state in the early 18th century. Of the Protestants in the state, Evangelical Protestants compose 52% of the population, Mainline Protestants 13%, and Historically Black Protestants 8%. Chattanooga became one of the first industrial cities in the south in the decades after the Civil War, when many factories, including iron foundries, steel mills, and textile mills were constructed there. [88] East Tennessee's geography did not allow for large plantations as in the middle and western parts of the state, and as a result, slavery became increasingly rare in the region. [394] The legislature convenes at noon on the second Tuesday in January and meets for a total of 90 days over two sessions, usually adjourning in late April or early May. The Tennessee River begins at the juncture of the Holston and French Broad rivers in Knoxville, flows southwest to Chattanooga, and exits into Alabama before reemerging in the western part of the state and flowing north into Kentucky. Generally, the state has hot summers and mild to cool winters with generous precipitation throughout the year. [47] But migration across the mountains continued, and the first permanent European settlers began arriving in northeastern Tennessee in the late 1760s. [459], Tennessee is also home to the Bristol Motor Speedway, which features NASCAR Cup Series racing two weekends a year, routinely selling out more than 160,000 seats on each date. Tennessee's population as of the 2020 United States census is approximately 6.9 million. [244], Tennessee is divided into 95 counties, each of which has a county seat. Motivation is the No. Covering an area of 109,247 sq. [206] The Nashville Basin has rich, fertile farmland,[207] and porous limestone bedrock very close to the surface underlies both the Nashville Basin and Eastern Highland Rim. [2] It is in Shelby County, Tennessee's largest county in both population and land area. Its economy is dominated by the health care, music, finance, automotive, chemical, electronics, and tourism sectors, and cattle, soybeans, corn, poultry, and cotton are its primary agricultural products. It is bordered by eight states, with Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the west, and Missouri to State park rangers are responsible for all activities and law enforcement inside the Tennessee State Parks system. Tennessee's major professional sports franchises. The husband of the Tennessee police officer fired for having sex with six of her coworkers is standing by his wife, the Daily Mail reported Friday. It is under the jurisdiction of the Department of Safety. Other major cities include Memphis, Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Clarksville. [179] The Tennessee River forms most of the division between Middle and West Tennessee. [108] The Confederates were driven from the city at the battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge in November 1863. [288] Intangible property tax is assessed on the shares of stockholders of any loan, investment, insurance, or for-profit cemetery companies. In 1788, North Carolina created "Tennessee County", and in 1796, a constitutional convention, organizing the new state out of the Southwest Territory, adopted "Tennessee" as the state's name. [67] President George Washington appointed William Blount as territorial governor. [388] Norfolk Southern Railway also operates lines in East and southwestern Tennessee. [392], Like the federal government, Tennessee's government has three branches. [435][436] In 2004, Republican President George W. Bush increased his margin of victory in the state to 14% from 4% in 2000. Each county elects a sheriff, property assessor, trustee, register of deeds, and county clerk. Discover the best road trip destinations, new places to eat and more in your free printed guide or e-guide. [301] Nissan's assembly plant in Smyrna is the largest automotive assembly plant in North America. [120] Because Tennessee had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment before its readmission to the Union, it was the only former secessionist state that did not have a military governor during Reconstruction. [192][193] The Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone spans the entirety of East Tennessee from northwestern Alabama to southwestern Virginia, and is considered one of the most active zones in the Southeastern United States, frequently producing low-magnitude earthquakes. It is located in the upper South of the eastern United States and became the 16th state of the union in 1796. [24] The Archaic peoples first domesticated dogs, and plants such as squash, corn, gourds, and sunflowers were first grown in Tennessee during the Woodland period. A local activist group spent many years contesting the project, and in 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court sided with the group and established the framework for judicial review of government agencies in the landmark case of Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. [291][290] Soybeans and corn are the state's first and second-most common crops, respectively,[16] and are most heavily grown in West and Middle Tennessee, especially the northwestern corner of the state. [339] The NPS also operates Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, and the Manhattan Project National Historical Park. [33], The first recorded European expeditions into what is now Tennessee were led by Spanish explorers Hernando de Soto in 15401541, Tristan de Luna in 1559, and Juan Pardo in 15661567. Find information motor vehicle registration in Tennessee. Find out more [397] Each chamber chooses a Speaker, who is elected by a joint session of the legislature. [79] Several Tennesseans took part in the Texas Revolution of 183536, including Governor Sam Houston and Congressman and frontiersman Davy Crockett, who was killed at the Battle of the Alamo. An estimated 2124% of Tennesseans are of predominantly English ancestry. [46] After the French and Indian War, Britain issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which forbade settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains in an effort to mitigate conflicts with the Natives. Tennessee is under the jurisdiction of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, which has jurisdiction over three district courts in the state: the Eastern, Middle, and Western districts. [75][76] Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796, as the 16th state and the first created from federal territory. [329] Tennessee was also a top producer of phosphate until the early 1990s. Discover the best road trip destinations, new places to eat and more in your free printed guide or e-guide. [437][438] In 2007, Ron Ramsey became the first Republican Speaker of the State Senate since Reconstruction,[439] and the following year the Republicans gained control of both houses of the state legislature for the first time since Reconstruction. [347] The Tennessee State Museum in Nashville chronicles the state's history and culture. [290] Cash receipts for crops and livestock have an estimated annual value of $3.5 billion, and the agriculture sector has an estimated annual impact of $81 billion on the state's economy. [323] Other major mineral products produced in Tennessee include sand, gravel, crushed stone, Portland cement, marble, sandstone, common clay, lime, and zinc. [127] As part of the Temperance movement, Tennessee became the first state in the nation to effectively ban the sale, transportation, and production of alcohol in a series of laws passed between 1907 and 1917. [184], Marked by a diversity of landforms and topographies, Tennessee features six principal physiographic provinces, from east to west, which are part of three larger regions: the Blue Ridge Mountains, Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, and Cumberland Plateau, part of the Appalachian Mountains; the Highland Rim and Nashville Basin, part of the Interior Low Plateaus of the Interior Plains; and the East Gulf Coastal Plain, part of the Atlantic Plains. The executive branch is led by the governor, who holds office for a four-year term and may serve a maximum of two consecutive terms. [4] Tennessee is a right-to-work state, like most of its Southern neighbors. [84] The Cherokee moved their capital from Georgia to the Red Clay Council Grounds in southeastern Tennessee in 1832, due to new laws forcing them from their previous capital at New Echota. [91][92], At the onset of the American Civil War, most Middle and West Tennesseans favored efforts to preserve their slavery-based economies, but many Middle Tennesseans were initially skeptical of secession. [201] The plateau's eastern edge is relatively distinct, but the western escarpment is irregular, containing several long, crooked stream valleys separated by rocky cliffs with numerous waterfalls. The state is twice bisected by the Tennessee River, and the Mississippi River forms its western border. [456] Founded in 2009, Chattanooga FC began playing in the third-tier National Independent Soccer Association in 2020. [115][116] Tennessee ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, which outlawed slavery in every state, on April 7, 1865,[117] and the Fourteenth Amendment, which granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to former slaves, on July 18, 1866. [196] The Appalachian Trail roughly follows the North Carolina state line before shifting westward into Tennessee. [295] Tennessee farmers are also known worldwide for their cultivation of tomatoes and horticultural plants. The state receives an average of 50 inches (130cm) of precipitation annually. [70] The full legislature convened on August 25, 1794. The geography of Tennessee is unique. [171] In 2006, the state constitution was amended to outlaw same-sex marriage. Snowfall ranges from 5 inches (13cm) in West Tennessee to over 80 inches (200cm) in East Tennessee's highest mountains. [102], General Ulysses S. Grant and the U.S. Navy captured the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers in February 1862 at the battles of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. WebFind information motor vehicle registration in Tennessee. [98] On June 8, with Middle Tennesseans having significantly changed their position, voters approved a second referendum on secession by a 6931% margin, becoming the last state to secede. [257][258] In 2019, about 5.5% of Tennessee's population was foreign-born. [218] The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers operate many hydroelectric dams on the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers and their tributaries, which form large reservoirs throughout the state. [357] The state Board of Education has 11 members: one from each Congressional district, a student member, and the executive director of the Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC), who serves as ex-officio nonvoting member. The current governor is Bill Lee, a Republican. The Bulldogs jumped out to a fast start and were clearly motivated after getting shell-shocked by Tennessee a few games ago. [22] The constitution was completed on February 6, which authorized elections for the state's new legislature, the Tennessee General Assembly. The most pleasant months of the year for Tennessee are May, September and October. [50] They formed the Watauga Association in 1772, a semi-autonomous representative government,[51] and three years later reorganized themselves into the Washington District to support the cause of the American Revolutionary War. ", States of the Union: Ranking America's Biodiversity, "World Map of KppenGeiger Climate Classification", "Nashville Weather Records (1871-Present)", "Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in the Southeastern United States", "Mean Annual Average Number of Tornadoes 19532004", "National and Local Weather Forecast, Hurricane, Radar and Report", "City and Town Population Totals: 2010-2019", "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals and Components of Change: 20102019", "Tri-Cities seek new name to embrace a whole region", "Historical Population Change Data (19102020)", "Table 4. WebGet Your Free 2022 Tennessee Vacation Guide Get the latest on all of the music experiences and attractions across the state. [269][270], Since colonization, Tennessee has always been predominantly Christian. Additional important products manufactured in Tennessee include fabricated metal products, electrical equipment, consumer electronics and electrical appliances, and nonelectrical machinery. [68] The Southwest Territory recorded a population of 35,691 in the first United States census that year, including 3,417 slaves. Lee's 2nd term inauguration scheduled for Jan. 21. [204] Both of these physiographic provinces are part of the Interior Low Plateaus of the larger Interior Plains. [176] Tennessee covers roughly 42,143 square miles (109,150km2), of which 926 square miles (2,400km2), or 2.2%, is water. [325][326][327] Mining activities in the basin resulted in a major environmental disaster, which left the surrounding landscape barren for more than a century. [372], Six television media marketsNashville, Memphis, Knoxville, Chattanooga, Tri-Cities, and Jacksonare based in Tennessee. [77][78], Tennessee reportedly earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" during the War of 1812, when 3,500 Tennesseans answered a recruitment call by the General Assembly for the war effort. [420] During this time, East Tennessee was heavily Republican and the western two thirds mostly voted Democratic, with the latter dominating the state. [155] The next year, nearby Clinton High School was integrated, and Tennessee National Guard troops were sent in after pro-segregationists threatened violence. The Bulldogs jumped out to a fast start and were clearly motivated after getting shell-shocked by Tennessee a few games ago. Most cities and towns use the weak mayor-council (mayor-aldermen), strong-mayor council, city commission, or councilmanager forms of government. [132] In 1897, Tennessee celebrated its statehood centennial one year late with the Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition in Nashville. [220] All three of these basins are tributaries of the Ohio River watershed. [154], After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, Oak Ridge High School in 1955 became the first school in Tennessee to be integrated. [314], Tennessee's electric utilities are regulated monopolies, as in many other states. Tennessee has 33.9 days annually when the high temperature is over 90, which is hotter than most states in the U.S. [109] Despite Unionist sentiment in East Tennessee, Confederates held the area for most of the war. Winters tend to be mild to cool, decreasing in temperature at higher elevations. 102 ] on July 24, 1866, Tennessee was a swing state in presidential elections by Tennessee a games! Commission, or councilmanager forms of government and 2021 occur occasionally, Clarksville. Local government resources and state employee-related information, sinkholes, depressions, Clarksville! Was also a top producer of phosphate until the early 1990s the higher ones are commonly called.! Chattanooga, and Shawnee out of the year for Tennessee are May, September and October is a state! 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